Javascript 中几种数组赋值的区别及=号的作用

Wayne posted @ Fri, 18 Nov 2016 15:17:26 +0000 in Experience with tags Javascript , 2158 readers

Javascript中,目前要把一个数组的内容等于另一个数组,我会的手段大致有三种:

  1. a = b;

  2. a = b.slice(0);

  3. b.forEach(function(element){ a.push(element);});

这三种有什么不同呢?

 

这三种写法的不同究其原因都出在=号的作用上。数组间的等号可以认为是一个别名。也就是 a = b 的效果等同于 b.alias => a, 给 b 取了个叫a的别名。数组还是同一个数组,多了个名字而已。于是不论用名字 a 操作还是用名字 b 操作,改变的都是同一个数组,换个名字都能看到效果。比如:

var b = [1];
var a = b;
a.push(2);
b.push(3);
console.log(a);  //[1,2,3]
console.log(b);  //[1,2,3]

而 b.slice(0) != b 本身, 只是等于 b 的内容。 a = b.slice(0); 相当于先 new 了一个新的匿名 array,内容为 b 的内容,然后取了个名字叫 a。因为是new出来的,所以用 a = b.slice(0) 后,操作 a  和操作 b 是操作两个不同的数组。

 

那么,什么时候用第三种呢?要用第三种,很明显,首先 a 必须是一个已经存在的数组,不然会报 undefined。第三种的使用场景有比如这样的:

var a = [];
var b = [1];
var c;
afunction(a){ c = a;};  //一个函数,使用a作为传入参数,只调用一次

//此时想把 b 的值赋给c。

因为 c 只在函数体内才能被赋值,而这个值只能通过a来进行。 如果用 a = b, 那么效果等同于 (Original Array a) . removeName(a), 然后 b.alias(a);  而 c 依然是那个 Original Array a,只是丢失了原本a这个名字,只剩下c这个名字了。类似的,如果用 a = b.slice(0), 也无法改变c,只是让c这个数组丢失了另一个叫a的名字而已。这时候,用第三种,把 b 的内容逐个加到已有的 a 里面,才能同时操作到 c。

 

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